Skip to main content

THE REFUGEE QUEEN - NEPAL'S SIKH CONNECTION


Jindan Kaur, last queen of the Punjab

The last queen of the Punjab had finally reunited with her son in England. Reclining on her divan in the balcony of her Lancaster Gate residence she squinted at the hazy expanse of Kensington Gardens sprawling before her and reflected on the dizzying cycle of kismet she had encountered in life. Daughter of a kennel keeper of Maharajah Ranjit Singh, Jindan Kaur was a classic beauty with brains and had in course of time climbed up the proverbial ladder of the court and ended up in the bed of the king. She had been proclaimed a maharani and a son born of her would be in the line to the throne! After Ranjit Singh's death and a few years of instability her son eventually had been crowned the king of the Punjab in 1843 A.D. at a tender age of five and she, Jindan, had been proclaimed the Queen Regent. After this crowning glory of her life however her ascendant fortune had started to unravel quickly.

Duleep Singh by artist Winterhalter commissioned by Queen Victoria


The East India Company was hell bent on annexing her kingdom and in one pretext or another had started two wars with the Sikhs and both times bested her armies due to traitors in her ranks and finally annexed her kingdom in 1849 A.D. and deposed Maharajah Duleep Singh, her ten year old son. The world famous Koh-i-Noor diamond was seized. Maharani Jindan Kaur had been deemed a dangerous trouble maker, "Messalina of the Punjab" Governor-General Lord Hardinge had called her alluding to the ruthless and promiscuous third wife of Roman Emperor Claudius, and she had been imprisoned in one place or the other until finally she had been moved to the high security historical Chunar Fort near Varanasi. She thought it ironical that now she was in England and her erstwhile enemy was her protector!

Her eye-sight was going and she always felt a permanent cold in her bones that would probably only get worse in wet and dreary England. She remembered the biting cold of Kathmandu Valley during winter that had progressively ruined her health and dried and wrinkled her beautiful complexion. She was still good looking in spite of all those years spent as a refugee in Nepal but the striking beauty that had enraptured the aging Maharajah was all but gone. She could not blame her present plight solely on those terrible years in Nepal, away from her son and her court, her bountiful Punjab since she was eternally grateful to Maharajah Jung Bahadur Rana for giving her refuge against the wish of the mighty Company. She marveled at the pluck of the Nepalese ruler and frequently compared his courage to that of her husband Ranjit Singh, the Lion of Punjab! But the allure would fade, she sighed.

Fort where Regent Queen Jindan was held
It was back in 1849, after 2 years of imprisonment in the formidable Chunar Fort, that she had tried a ruse and escaped right in front of her gaoler and his gora saheb. She had wrapped herself in the poor sweeper's khadi sari while decking the protesting woman in her maharani garb, bejewelled and all, and left her in the cell shivering from fear while she veiled herself and walked out to her uncertain future beyond the walls of the fort. She had nowhere to go but her faith had commanded her to go to the Himalayas, the very place where the first guru of the Sikhs Guru Nanak himself had gone to find solace in meditation. She had heard those stories at the court. A Nepalese king of the Malla dynasty had not been sound of mind and he had come to India seeking the healing powers of Guru Nanak. Cured of his affliction the grateful king had invited the guru to come and establish a 'muth' in Nepal and the guru had accepted and accompanied the king and his royal entourage to the kingdom.

Footprints of Guru Nanak at Balaju, Kathmandu
Guru Nanak Muth, Balaju, Kathmandu

After a formidable journey across the raging Ganges, her tributaries and the dense jungles of the Nepalese foothills abounding in dangerous predators and infested by malaria, Queen Jindan Kaur with her ragtag Khalsa army hiding in the jungles arrived in Nepal. Maharajah Jung Bahadur Rana bravely gave her refuge in Nepal. While he invited the queen and her personal attendants to Kathmandu Valley as a guest of the Thapathali Durbar, he made arrangements for the Khalsa army to reside in cleared forests near the town of Nepalgunj where their descendants can be found living even today in villages called Sikhanpura, Jamunaha and Bankatwa. 

She would remain at Thapathali Durbar eleven long years until 1860 A.D. Jung Bahadur had given permission to build a small Gurudwara in her compound at the Thapathali Durbar complex and her initial years were spent in prayers and charity. The Nepalese had affectionately given her a local nickname, Chanda Kunwar, in recognition of her contribution. However her longing for her beloved Punjab and her son Maharajah Duleep Singh, already living in England since 1854 A.D., gnawed at the very fabric of her being. She wanted to act, she wanted to raise another army and fight the British but in the confines of Thapathail Durbar she was helpless. She pleaded with Maharajah Jung Bahadur to join her in the task of liberating her homeland but to no avail. Then in 1857 A.D. came the cruelest blow to her long held determination to one day get rid of the British: Maharajah Jung Bahadur Rana had decided to assist the British during the Sepoy Mutiny instead of siding with the Indian freedom movement. Maharani Jindan Kaur felt betrayed and she was shattered. She started to lose her eye-sight.

Maharani Jindan Kaur and her emeralds

She was reasonably happy today reflected Maharani Jindan Kaur as providence had made her unite again with her son in Calcutta and she was allowed to set sail for England with him in 1861 A.D. She was living comfortably in London with her privy purse restored but she was in poor health and nearly blind. She did not have long to live. She longed to return to India but the British would not allow it. In her heart of hearts she knew that she would not see her beloved Punjab ever again.

Maharani Jindan Kaur of the Punjab


Comments

  1. What a wonderful story! Thank you Subodh.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Indeed a great story. One of the most fascinating parts of the story is her journey from India to Nepal. The story is good enough to be made into a movie.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It is already made, In 2010 the New York International Sikh Film Festival premiered the film 'The Rebel Queen', telling the story of the unfortunate Maharani.

      Delete
  3. Thanks, Subodh - send it to William Dalyrimple (if you have not already).

    cap miller sj

    ReplyDelete
  4. A great story. One of the hidden stories, I may dare to say, that people ought to know.
    Thank You

    ReplyDelete
  5. Hi. Where is the painting of Maharani Jindan from and who painted it?

    ReplyDelete
  6. great story.. searched it after reading Premchand's story "Jugnu ki chamak"

    ReplyDelete
  7. Amazing sikh history

    ReplyDelete
  8. Enjoyed reading it but why did Jung Bdr give refuge to the queen? I suspect the British really wanted her here away from India where she could cause trouble.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks Govind for commenting. Jung Bahadur was a remarkable person; he gave refuge not only to the Sikh Queen but also to the Avadhi Queen and the youngest wife of Nana Sahib of the Marathas after the quashing of the Mutiny. He was friendly to the British but not totally subservient. He stood his ground and risked his neck. There is a remarkable letter Dr. Oldfield's wife wrote to her husband (Surgeon at the Residency in Kathmandu) who was in England at the time after attending the wedding ceremony of Crown Prince Trailokya and the eldest daughter of Jung Bahadur in 1857. She was absolutely enamoured of J.B. He was quite a charmer!

      Delete
    2. I heard Jindan Kaur also had a crush on J.B. and tried to seduce him whenever he come to visit her by wearing transparent/revealing dress (1850-1856). She saw reflection of braveness & courage in J.B. like her late husband Ranjit Singh. Only God knows if J.B. also had illicit physical relation with her. Jindan asked J.B. to establish her lost Punjab kingdom again during does intimate visits. He may have consoled her but all her dream shattered when she heard that J.B. sent his troops in 1857 during sepoy mutiny.

      Delete
  9. This was intriguing and interesting story of Punjab Connection with Nepali counterpart. If i put some logic, when Jindan Kaur arrived in the palace door penniless and asked the armed guards to meet the Prime Minister, how would they have reacted? They may have thought she may be a mentally unstable beggar looking at her attire (all worn/dirty after Hundred's of mile of walking). I mean i just wanted to know, how she came in contact with Jung Bahadur Rana face to face?

    ReplyDelete
  10. Mr sujan, you have not heard anything bro you are just pretending that this thing had happened , so please watch your words before making comments on things you don't know.
    We are talking about history and it's vast then you imagine.

    ReplyDelete
  11. History collector Sunil Ulak shares & claims that Rana Jung Bahadur took Bribe (Riswat) as their precious stone,diamonds etc to give asylum forced to sold their jewellery for nothing to Jind Kaur, Nana Saheb, Hajrat mahal, he claims as well that Jung Bahadur started bribery (Riswat /Ghus) for the first time in Nepal.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. As you can read in the story, Rani Jindan Kaur escaped from prison wearing the servant's clothes. She could hardly have brought with her any valuable jewelery. Jung Bahadur risked his position with British India to give her asylum. She was given a house in Thapathali Durbar with monthly stipend and he also constructed for her a Sikh Gurudwara. Nana Saheb and Hazat Mahal would have brought jewelry. Their lives were in peril and again Jung Bahadur risked and defied the Brits and gave them asylum. For them their lives would have been more valuable than the stones there were carrying. Jung Bahadur provided Hazrat a residence at Thapathali Durbar and monthly stipend until her death. It would have been a fair exchange. Nana Saheb probably went to western Nepal where he lived and I am sure he would have been grateful to Jung for not handing him over to British India.

      Delete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

FEATHERS IN THE CROWN

As a kid I used to gape in wonderment at the magnificent crown my father possessed not knowing that the jewels were only for show. The dark green emerald drops were made of glass, the sparkling diamonds were probably zirconium and the pearls were not of the best sort. Every Rana general had his personal crown in those days and my father was no exception. I did not recognize the difference between this personal crown of father's and the other more valuable crown of the Nepalese Commander-in-Chief of the Army that my father was seen wearing in many a portrait displayed about the house. Little did I know that my father was the last person to put on his head the army chief's crown from the Rana era, real glittering diamonds, snow white pearls and thumb-sized emerald drops and all. The feather in the crown was the magnificent plumes of the Bird of Paradise that gave it such a majestic look. Nepal had only three crowns that were genuinely the real stuff bedecked with expensive pea

INTO THE MAELSTROM - JUNG BAHADUR LEADS AN ARMY

G overnor General Lord Canning's request to Jung Bahadur to assist the British militarily in Avadh sent a maelstrom through the court of Nepal. Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa's war was still fresh in peoples' mind and the wound of Sugauly had not yet healed. The pacifists wanted to stay neutral saying it was not our fight. The powerful conservative faction still smarting from the earlier defeat wanted to fight the British instead by reinforcing Begum Hazrat Mahal. Maharajah Jung Bahadur was a brave-heart but he had first-hand witnessed the might of Britain; he knew that it was not the time to fight them. Too, he disliked the duplicity of the Indian rajas and the decadence of the Avadhi court where, until recently, Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was ruling the roost. He had also heard of savage killing of British civilians, women and children too, anathema to the chivalrous Jung. But decision to go to war is always a soul-searching affair. Jung held counsel with his brothers who one an

WHITE TIGER

N o, this blog is not on Maharajah Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal although there is a famous story of the white tiger bringing the demise of Jung Bahadur during his last shoot in 1877 A.D. This story is about white tigers. White tigers have about them mysticism linked to their rarity. There is some other-worldliness about them that captivates peoples' imagination.  They appear frequently in myths and legends. There are also numerous books titled The White Tiger , the recent one being Arvind Adiga's Booker Prize winning novel. An old classic on Nepalese history written by Diamond Shumsher Rana, Seto Bag , was later translated by Greta Rana into English titled Wake of the White Tiger . But in this story I am writing about the white tigers carrying the recessive genes subduing the rich golden pelt and making it alabaster white. They are not albinos. White tigers grow bigger than normal ones. I begin with a hunt, a Shikar, my father organized for Ralph S. Scott, big game h